TERMIS-NA Meeting 2010

TERMIS-NA 2010 Conference Agenda

Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday

Podium Presentations - Monday, December 6, 2010
8:00am	Welcome Announcement
8:05am	Plenary Speaker I -Stem Cell Differentiation - Ronald McKay
9:00am	Award Announcement and Presentation
9:30am	Coffee Break with Poster Viewing
Session I 10:00 - 11:30am	STEM CELLS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE	BIOMATERIAL-BASED TISSUE REGENERATION	CONTROLLING MICROENVIRONMENT AND CELL FATE	NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Session Chairs	Arnold Caplan	Rui Reis and David Kaplan	Adam Engler and Ali Khademhosseini	James Hickman and Kara McCloskey
	Stem cells isolated from adult tissues are being re-infused into patients or animal models of disease with subsequent and substantial efficacy. This non-tissue engineering use is thought to involve site-specific secretion of bioactive molecules that modulate the immune activity and establish a regenerative microenvironment at the tissue damage sites. This session will focus on both human and animal cells and disease states and mechanism governing the regenerative medicine effects of infused cells.	Biomaterial systems, from synthetic to biologics, offer a critical starting point for tissue regeneration. Scaffold designs that optimize tissue formation and function in vitro and in vivo by directing complex cell and tissue interactions are the key. Biomaterial systems that promote improved tissue structure and function, including new modes to process biomaterials or to chemically decorate systems to modulate selective biological interactions are some examples of the material systems to be covered in the session. In vivo outcomes based on these designs will also be included in the session.	Cells in tissues exist in the context of their microenvironment. The microenvironment consists of the complex milieu of soluble factors such as hormones, ions, nutrients, and growth factors, and the extracellular matrix which provides both biochemical and biomechanical cues and acts as a reservoir for growth factors and proteases. Together these soluble and matrix factors provide biochemical and mechanical signals which regulate cell differentiation, survival, and function. This microenvironment is development, disease, and tissue specific. The development of engineered materials for tissue regeneration must mimic the appropriate microenvironment in order to stimulate tissue and developmental stage-specific cell function. This session will examine the role of soluble and matrix-derived cues in cell regulation and how current tissue engineered products attempt to provide appropriate microenvironmental cues to cells.	Micro and nano- technologies are increasingly being developed and utilized for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The unique properties of materials at these small scales has allowed the generation of a wide variety of new materials to be used in various tissue engineering applications as well as for engineered systems for in vitro diagnostic applications. These materials range from composites containing nanoparticles within polymers to multimodal nanoparticles as well as micro- and nano-textured surfaces for use in tailoring interfaces for cell culture and tissue assembly. This session will focus on novel micro- and nano-technologies being utilized in engineered tissues and will also address questions regarding their efficacy and safety of their use in regenerative medicine.
11:30am	Lunch Break with Poster Viewing
11:30am	TERMIS-NA Council Meeting
Session II 1:00 - 2:30pm	CELL TRACKING AND IMAGING	BIOMATERIALS FABRICATION AND SYNTHESIS	BIOREACTOR TECHNOLOGIES	IMMUNOLOGY and TISSUE RESPONSES IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Session Chairs	Shay Soker and Joseph Frank	Peter Ma and Bill Wagner	Aaron Goldstein and Milica Radisic	Julia Babensee
	This session will focus on the various non-invasive imaging approaches that are being used to monitor the temporal and spatial migration of stem cells or immune cells as part of regenerative medicine. Transplantation of labeled stem cells or immune cells direct implantation, intra-arterial or intravenous injection has allowed for the tracking of these cells in various experimental models of inflammation, autoimmune and trauma furthering our understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases serving as a basis for translation to the clinic. Various in vitro techniques such as the introduction of reporter genes or exogenous agents or nanoparticles are being used to tag cells for optical/fluorescent imaging, PET, SPECT and MRI. Noninvasive imaging techniques are needed to determine cell viability, differentiation and function within the target tissue and also determine when, how often and the number of cells that would need to be given to stimulate repair or treat diseases. Future direction and goals for cellular imaging will be to provide valuable information in monitoring and guiding clinical trial using cell-based therapies and cell-based gene therapy in the treatment of diseases.	Scaffolds are structural templates to engineer 3D tissues and organs, and also serve as a temporary artificial extracellular matrix to define the cellular microenvironment in regenerative medicine. This session will focus on novel material synthesis and scaffold fabrication technologies as well as degradation behavior, physical properties, biological activities and scaffold evaluation in regenerative medicine applications.	Cell based approaches in regenerative medicine frequently rely on in vitro conditioning of cells to permit proliferation, differentiation, and organization of cells into tissue-like structures with functional properties approaching those of normal tissue. During this period of conditioning, bioreactors can be used to exert external stimuli (e.g., mechanic strain, hydrodynamic pressure and shear, electrical fields) that facilitate matrix deposition and tissue organization. In this session, we seek abstracts that describe the development and testing of bioreactors for regeneration of a large range of tissues, including but not limited to bone, cartilage, tendon/ligament, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, blood vessels, and heart valves. Both fundamental studies of bioreactor performance and cell/tissue development in vitro and translation studies of tissue efficacy in vivo are encouraged. Special emphasis will be placed on bioreactors designed to mimic the dynamic physical/mechanical stimuli that exist in vivo and approaches that employ multiple cell types.	This session will address the immunological issues associated with regenerative medicine. It will include presentations of inflammatory responses to tissue engineered constructs and the role of inflammation in regeneration. As such, it will consider the beneficial role of inflammation in regeneration and strategies for controlling this. It will also consider adaptive immune responses in the context of regenerative medicine, with a particular emphasis on inducing tolerance and immune privilege. Topics will also include immune reconstitution and augmentation by engineering and the use of stem cells and engineered tissues to modify immunity.
2:30pm	Break with Poster Viewing
Session III 3:00 - 4:30pm	REGENERATION BY ENDOGENOUS CELL HOMING	FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CELLS AND BIOMATERIALS	DIGITAL BIOFABRICATION	DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS IN TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE (PANEL)
Session Chairs	Jeremy Mao and Stephen Badylak	Edward Schwarz	Wei Sun	Kurt Kasper and Anthony Ratcliffe
	Delivery of cells, including stem/progenitor cells, is currently a central tenet of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite its scientific merit, cell based therapy encounters several barriers in clinical translation. Immune rejection, pathogen transmission, potential tumorigenesis, packaging/storage/shipping, and anticipated difficulties in clinical adoption, cost reimbursement and regulatory approval are among some of the roadblocks. Economic viability of cell delivery, especially if it requires substantial ex vivo cell manipulation, is far from trivial. This symposium assembles recent data in the regeneration of multiple and, in some cases, complex tissues, such as dermal, muscle, dental, esophagus, cartilage and bone in vivo by the endogenous homing of host cells to the site of interest. Data from independent reports by multiple laboratories suggest an emerging concept that single or complex tissues can regenerate by the homing of endogenous cell lineages, including angiogenesis. A multitude of approaches will be discussed to orchestrate cell homing including active recruitment of host endogenous cells by chemokines, cytokines, drugs and/or polymeric materials. The symposium will further explore the potential and limitations of tissue regeneration by cell homing and contrast cell homing with cell delivery approaches. Information on the mechanisms of cell homing will be explored primarily by in vitro studies of cell migration, cell recruitment and cell motility in 2D and 3D models. Invited and selected presentations will focus on the central theme to delineate the potentials and challenges to harness the host's own cells, including stem/progenitor cells, for the regeneration of multiple tissues.	This session will focus on in vitro research that aims to make advances towards instructing cells and biomaterials to become functional tissues in culture. These techniques involve the use of growth factors, genes and topologically defined matrices that stimulate the differentiation of stem and progenitor cells into functional tissues.	The session will focus on the latest advances on digital biofabrication of 3D biological models, disease pathogenesis models, drug testing and discovery models, and regenerative tissue substitutes, with specific topics including 1) inkjet, extrusion, and laser-based cell and molecules printing, patterning, assembling, tissue and organ printing; 2) bio-additive manufacturing for tissue scaffolds, integrated bio/micro and bio/nano devices, biochips, and drug delivery vehicle; and 3) computer-aided biofabrication and computer-aided tissue engineering. The selected abstracts will be invited for full-length papers for journal Biofabrication.	The development and consensus adaptation of standards in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine presents the potential to accelerate research and development productivity and to improve efficiency in the regulatory pathway toward clinical implementation of regenerative medicine technologies. Agreed-upon methodologies can be used, and the specific objectives of product developers and regulatory bodies can be aligned. This panel discussion will focus upon describing examples of standards being used effectively, and identifying the importance and potential role of standards in developing the future field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
4:30pm	Exhibit Viewing/Happy Hour
5:00 - 6:30pm	Poster Session I

Podium Presentations - Tuesday, December 7, 2010
8:00am	Plenary Speaker II - Building a ""Body-on-a-Chip"": Toward Better Drug Development - Michael Shuler
9:00am	Award Presentation
9:30am	Coffee Break with Poster Viewing
Session I 10:00 - 11:30am	CARDIAC TISSUE REGENERATION	SOFT TISSUE REPAIR	SKIN AND WOUND HEALING	ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Session Chairs	Nenad Bursac and Karen Christman	George Christ	Yong Li and Pat Hebda	Athanassios Sambanis
	Cardiac tissue engineering has the potential to offer new therapies for patients suffering from myocardial infarction and heart failure. While ongoing clinical studies with injected stem cells show promise, tissue engineering strategies are expected to enhance the structural and functional repair of the heart through the implantation of pre-engineered functional tissues or injectable scaffolds. The aim of this symposium is to bring together leaders in the field of cardiac tissue engineering, biomaterials, and developmental biology to present recent innovative approaches to: 1) derive the optimal stem cell sources for cardiac tissue engineering and promote in vitro functional cardiogenesis, 2) develop novel scaffolds for in vitro and in vivo cardiac tissue engineering and 3) enhance the survival and functional integration of endogenously or exogenously engineered tissues with host myocardium. Overall, this symposium will review the contemporary efforts in the field of cardiac tissue engineering towards the future clinical use.	Loss of soft tissue due to congenital and acquired conditions, such as traumatic injury, tumor excision, etc., produces a functional deficit for which there are few effective clinical treatments. Current management of soft tissue coverage and augmentation for reconstruction involves the use of existing host tissue. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies may provide a viable therapeutic option via creation of replacement tissue/structures by utilizing cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules. Soft tissues include any structure in the body that does not involve cartilage or bone. This session will emphasize both pre-clinical and translational work, and is designed to appeal to both basic scientists and clinicians. Topics to be covered range from the latest techniques for in vitro tissue engineering to the definition of the most pressing clinical needs in soft tissue repair, as well as the latest work involving validated large animal models for these tissues.	Tissue Bioengineering has been interested to repair injured and diseased tissues or replace damaged organs. However, recent studies have outlined a new challenge of these applications; this is based on therapeutic cell applications, including stem cells have resulted in developing fibrous scar tissues in long term investigations. Fibrosis is one kind of pathological process in many tissues within injury or diseased organs, which leads to chronic healing problems and results in tissue/organ dysfunction of the final healing states. More attention needs to be given to the fibrotic differentiation and related effects in bioengineered tissues. The session will discuss the mechanism behinds fibrosis and the potential therapeutic applications.	Successful development of cell therapies and tissue substitutes exhibiting the necessary endocrine functions requires advances in cell and biomaterial technologies and the in vivo immune acceptance and integration of the implants. This session will address developments in the procurement of functional cells at clinically relevant quantities by a variety of methods, including, but not limited to, genetic engineering of cells and differentiation of stem or progenitor cells towards the endocrine phenotype; the association of cells with existing and novel biomaterials in functional three-dimensional architectures; the in vitro evaluation of metabolic and secretory properties of the cells and the tissue substitutes; and the in vivo assessment of cellular and tissue efficacy in appropriate animal models towards human studies. Special emphasis will be placed at identifying and discussing the unique challenges posed by the endocrine system in using cell and tissue therapies to restore function.
11:30am	Lunch Break with Poster Viewing
Session II 1:00 - 2:30pm	ANGIOGENESIS AND VASCULAR TISSUE ENGINEERING	CARTILAGE TISSUE ENGINEERING	NEURAL TISSUE ENGINEERING	UROLOGIC TISSUE
Session Chairs	Robert Tranquillo	Robert Guldberg	Molly Shoichet and Gregory Borschel	Roger De Filippo and Tamer AbouShwareb
	This session will focus on novel approaches and important advances in the in vitro engineering of a functional microvasculature and a small diameter artery. Topics will include control of cell function and tissue assembly/growth via bioreactor design and operation, construct fabrication and characterization, and achievement of functionality as demonstrated in vitro or in vivo.	The regeneration of damaged or degenerated cartilaginous tissues is a tremendous unmet clinical need that has proven exceptionally challenging to address. It is well known that the intrinsic repair capacity of cartilage and fibrocartilage is limited by a lack of vascularity and low cellularity. Tissues such as articular cartilage, meniscus, and intervertebral disc are also subject to high multi-axial biomechanical demands in vivo, further increasing the difficulty of finding a biological solution for functional restoration. Finally, any long-term articular joint regeneration technology must consider integration with surrounding healthy cartilage and adjacent mineralized bone. This session will provide an update on the latest advances towards developing biomaterials, cellular therapies and other regenerative strategies for restoring the structure and function of damaged cartilaginous tissues.	The Neural Tissue Engineering sessions invite abstracts that describe innovations in biomaterials, scaffolds and/or delivery strategies for application in the central or peripheral nervous systems. Presenters will discuss how biomaterials and scaffolds are being designed to influence the cellular microenvironment of the nervous system. This may include the design of biomaterials for co-culture systems, the delivery of cells or biomolecules, or to provide structural or other environmental cues that stimulate healing or directional guidance to axons in vivo. These sessions will emphasize the interplay of biomaterials/scaffolds within the nervous system both in vitro and in vivo, and how specific features of given materials, cells, and molecules promote neural repair.	Regenerative medicine and bioengineering of denovo tissues and organs in the laboratory is a fairly nascent but evolving field in science that requires the coordination and integration of multiple scientific disciplines under the direction of the tissue engineer in order to regenerate, repair, or replace whole organs. Regenerative medicine may have a massive clinical impact due to the need for and utility of transplantable organs or novel cell therapies. They may even offer a better understanding into the natural history of disease that would positively impact even current modes of treatment. The field of Urology, perhaps is one of the best examples of exactly how much of an impact tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are making for future therapies and modalities of treatment. The combination of multiple cell types, complex shapes, and potentially multiple functions certainly adds complexity to current approaches, however, some of these experimental models are on the verge of clinical applications even today. This session will provide insight into the concepts being used to engineer various urologic tissue/organs or unique cell therapies, including the use of novel materials, cell types, and methodologies.
2:30pm	Break with Poster Viewing
Session III 3:00 - 4:30pm	LIVER TISSUE REGENERATION	MUSCULOSKELETAL TISSUE ENGINEERING	CRANIOFACIAL AND DENTAL TISSUE ENGINEERING	COMMERCIALIZATION OF REGENERATIVE MEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES (TERMIS-NA INDUSTRY COMMITTEE PANEL)
Session Chairs	Dawn Applegate	Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic and Hala Zreiqat	Stephen Feinberg and Franklin Garcia-Godoy	Kiki Hellman
	Currently, the only treatment for fulminate hepatic failure is liver transplantation. Donor organ shortage, high surgical cost and the frequent need for a second transplant due to long-term immunosuppressant drug toxicity limit the success of this allogeneic therapy. Liver tissue engineering has the potential to prevent or treat hepatic failure due to drug reactions, toxins, vascular complications, viral infection, accident or genetic abnormality. Limitations in fabrication of tissue engineered liver assist devices and implants include cell sourcing that affords off-the-shelf availability and immune tolerance, scaffold design that enables cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix communication for creation of physiologic architecture, and bioreactor design that provides the physicochemical hydrodynamics necessary to maintaining differentiated cell function. This session will highlight recent advances in cell sourcing and bioreactor technologies for the creation of extracorporeal devices and implant therapies as well as their application to the study of liver disease and regeneration in vivo and in vitro.	Regenerating or replacing connective tissues that have a biomechanical function has proven exceptionally challenging. Some of these tissues, such as cartilage, tendon, and intervertebral disc, have to integrate with bone, a hard tissue which adds another level of complexity. These sessions will provide an update on the latest advances towards developing strategies for restoring function to hard and soft musculoskeletal tissues lost due to injury or disease. Examples of research topics include, but are not limited to: (i) novel approaches to the reconstruction of architecture and mechanical function of complex skeletal tissues (tissue composites, anisotropic tissues), (ii) tissue engineering models of disease, (iii) functional tissue regeneration in vivo, and (iv) advanced tools (biomaterials, bioreactors, imaging modalities) for musculoskeletal research.	Common dental treatments have a limited capacity to regenerate the vitality, function, and sensation of teeth and craniofacial tissues following disease or trauma. The objective of this symposium is to discuss the effectiveness of the multidisciplinary approaches that can be to be used to accomplish craniofacial regeneration. These include the seeding of scaffolds with stem cells to bioengineer tissue constructs, and the control of stem cell activity by growth factors.	Identification of barriers to successful commercialization of regenerative medicine products is paramount in delivery of these technologies to the marketplace. The TERMIS-NA Industry Committee recently completed a survey of the society's membership to identify obstacles to commercialization of regenerative medicine products by academic, start-up companies, development stage companies, and established companies. This session will: 1) present results of this survey; 2) present key speakers from each of the individual groups surveyed to further discuss some of the obstacles; and 3) have a panel discussion on future directions and initiatives directed toward addressing the obstacles, in order to move these technologies towards commercial reality.
4:30pm	Exhibit Viewing/Happy Hour
5:00 - 6:30pm	Poster Session II
5:30	TERMIS-NA Membership Business Meeting

Podium Presentations - Wednesday, December 8, 2010
8:00am	Plenary Speaker III - Cell Sheet Engineering and Its Clinical Applications - Teruo Okano
9:00am	Award Presentation
9:20am	Coffee Break
Session I 9:30 - 10:45am	TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE IN THE CLINIC	INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY HARMONIZATION	LARGE SCALE AUTOMATION FOR CELL THERAPY (AABB SPONSORED SESSION)	ADDRESSSING CHALLENGES IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Session Chairs	Nicolas L'Heureux and Toshiharu Shinoka	Kevin Johnson	John McMannis	Jeffrey Borenstein and Ali Khademhosseini
	Tissue engineering and Regenerative Medicine have the potential to provide grafts capable of growing and repairing, and could improve outcomes for patients of all ages. In the last decades, these fields have generated tremendous waves of excitement in both the scientific, medical and commercial arenas. More recently, in part due the explosion of cell-based therapies, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine appear to have matured into fields that are ready to yield clinically relevant approaches aimed at a variety of pathologies. The aim of this symposium is to bring together the leading expertise in the field of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine in the Clinic, focusing on the different aspects involved and the advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches that have been adopted by clinical researchers in the field.	The International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) has made great strides in bringing together the regulatory authorities of Europe, Japan and the United States and experts from the pharmaceutical industry across the three regions to discuss scientific and technical aspects of product registration. The overall focus of the ICH is to achieve greater harmonization in the interpretation and application of technical guidelines and requirements for product registration. This harmonization has already lead to a reduction or elimination of duplicate testing carried out during the research and development of new medicines, and has lead directly to an increase the global development programs. While the ICH has been valuable from a general perspective, scientific and technical requirements for advanced products in areas of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine provide new and greater challenges to harmonization. Collaboration between regulatory authorities across regions and countries is increasing, however, the regulatory decision-making process still remains separate due to such factors as differences in medical practice and benefit/risk evaluations in specific populations. This symposium will focus on moving beyond the ICH toward global harmonization that will ultimately provide a framework for streamlined global development programs specifically for regenerative medicine products. Regional and country-specific regulatory mechanisms such as the EMEA's Committee for Advanced Therapy and the FDA's Office of Combination Products will be discussed with an emphasis on regulatory components that can be harmonized and shared globally.	One of the major obstacles for clinical trials involving cells and/or tissues is the ex vivo manipulation of the product before administration. The product development process ("bench-to-bedside") has presented many challenges to the clinical laboratory. Often the goal of scale-up experiments and ultimately clinical processing is to generate sufficient number of cells/tissues for a potent product while maintaining sterility of the product. Open manufacturing systems are discouraged whenever possible because of the inherent risk of contamination. This session will focus on the current available technology to successfully accomplish the clinical-scale/grade manufacture of cells/tissues. It will focus on technology that will automate the ex vivo manipulation steps AND keep the cells/tissues/matrix in a functionally closed system at all times. Specific clinical manufacturing procedures will be used to demonstrate the benefits of closed automated processes.	This symposium will focus on the principal engineering and biologic challenges that must be overcome to enable further progress in regenerative medicine. Many of the most significant obstacles facing the field of regenerative medicine are not simply related to specific issues such as cell sourcing or the selection of appropriate biomaterials, but rather involve the integration of broad, multidisciplinary capabilities towards the solution of complex system-level challenges. Therefore, this session will concentrate on addressing several of these challenges in an integrated and multidisciplinary way. Particular focus areas will include the development of appropriate microenvironmental conditions for guiding stem cell differentiation and cell function, and the challenge of tissue vascularization. Additional topics include integration of multiple cell and tissue types in complex tissues and organs, and methods for producing large, three-dimensional tissues in a manufacturable and cost-effective manner.
Session II 10:45 - 12:00pm	CANCER AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE	FUTURE OF REGENERATIVE MEDICINE; INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE	BIOPRESERVATION	REGENERATIVE MEDICINE AND THE DEVELOPING WORLD (PANEL)
Session Chairs	Igor Matushansky	Craig Halberstadt and Kurt Eng	Aby J. Mathew	David Williams
	Regenerative medicine at baseline hopes to harness the endogenous differentiation and proliferation pathways to treat many diseases. However many of the pathways that are being activated in the various precursor cells are the same pathways that are similarly activated during the tumorigenic process. This session will explore the fine line between enhancing cellular proliferation/differentiation and tumorigenesis. Topics that will be the focus of discussion will include: overlapping pathways between cellular proliferation/differentiation and tumorigenesis, tumorigenicity of mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, and related research areas. This session is targeted at students, basic science researchers, and clinicians interested in understanding this complex field.	In the past, there have been both successes and failures towards the development of commercially viable products and tissue engineered models for pharmaceutical research. Until recently, most of these products emanated from academic environments and were then transferred to a company for further development into commercial based products. This session will focus on both small and large company's perspectives on the future of regenerative medicine. The speakers will provide new perspectives and applications their industry are utilizing, from the development of tissue models for pharmaceutical screening to implantable applications, each making strides in creating better health, life and medicines.	The expanding field of regenerative medicine utilizes cell and tissue products sourced from blood, bone marrow, and various tissues. The clinical and commercial success of these products is potentially impacted by stability limitations, which include transport of the source material and biopreservation of the final cell therapy product (either frozen or non-frozen). Regenerative medicine applications may encounter bottlenecks in their development and commercialization that are only evident upon transition to clinical trials or distribution of the approved clinical product. The impact of stability limitations may result in the inability to develop a global product or need to establish costly manufacturing expansions to satisfy the commercial market, with both options likely counterproductive towards cost efficiency and shareholder interests. This symposium will address some of the pitfalls of current biopreservation practices that are both recognized and often unrecognized, considerations for improvement in the quality, regulatory, and stability footprint of the final cell or tissue product, as well as case study example of commercial pathways for addressing stability of the product. Further discussion will examine the considerations between a frozen or non-frozen final product.	The infrastructure of regenerative medicine, involving the scientific basis, the industrial and commercial operations, the regulatory and ethical environment and the clinical translation, have almost exclusively focused on the developed world, including North America, Europe, Eastern Asia and Australasia. However, when we consider the diseases and injuries that are likely to benefit from the techniques of regenerative medicine, many of these relate far more to the developing word, and especially sub-Sahara Africa, Southern Asia, parts of South America. Usually these countries are themselves poor with little comprehensive health care of the traditional variety let alone the capacity to embrace the technologies of regenerative medicine. This panel will address the challenges that face us as we try to translate regenerative medicine to these parts of the world.
12:00pm	Adjournment

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